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Termites are known to take pollen and regularly visit blossoms,177 so are considered as potential pollinators for any number of flowering plants.178 One blossom in particular, Rhizanthella gardneri, is regularly pollinated by foraging employees, and it's perhaps the only Orchidaceae flower in the world to be pollinated by termites.177
Many plants have grown effective defences against termites. But, seedlings are vulnerable to termite attacks and need additional protection, as their defence mechanisms only grow when they've passed the seedling phase.179 Defence is typically achieved by secreting antifeedant compounds into the woody cell walls.180 This reduces the ability of termites to efficiently digest the cellulose.
When kept near the infusion, they become disoriented and eventually die.181.
Termite populations can be substantially influenced by environmental changes including those due to human intervention. A Brazilian research investigated the termite assemblages of 3 websites of Caatinga under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil were sampled using 65 x 2 m transects.182 A total of 26 species of termites had been present in the 3 websites, and 196 encounters were recorded in the transects.
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The wood-feeders were the most badly affected feeding team. .
A termite nest can be considered as being composed of 2 components, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all of the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is that the structure itself, which is constructed by the termites. Nests can be broadly separated into three main classes: subterranean (completely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (constructed above ground, but constantly connected to the ground via shield tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the ground with ground contact and are created out of ground and sand.
Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of now nest in wooden constructions such as logs, stumps and the dead parts of trees, as did termites millions of years ago.184.
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To construct their nests, termites mostly utilize faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partly digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and timber ), and dirt, utilized in a knockout post subterranean nest and mound construction. Not many nests are visible, as many nests in tropical woods are situated underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are good examples of subterranean nest contractors, as they only dwell inside tunnels.
Nests and mounds protect the termites' delicate bodies against desiccation, mild, pathogens and parasites, as well as providing a fortification against predators.188Nests made out of carton are particularly weak, and thus the inhabitants use counter-attack strategies against invading predators. .
Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial illness in the intestine of their termites: they utilize their faeces as a carton building material. Arboreal termites nests can account for up to 2% of above ground carbon storage in Puerto Rican mangrove home swamps.
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Nests are considered mounds should they protrude from the earth's surface. A mound provides termites exactly the same protection for a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds located in regions with torrential and continuous rainfall are in danger of mound erosion due to their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can offer protection from the rain, and in fact can withstand large precipitation.
For instance, Cubitermes colonies build narrow tunnels utilized as strong points, as the width of the tunnels is small enough for troops to block.192 A highly secure chamber, known as the"queens cell", houses the queen and king and can be used as a final line of defence. .
Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably build the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the largest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 feet), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3Â to 4Â metres (9Â to 13 ft ) high and 2.5 metres (8Â feet) wide.
The sculptured mounds occasionally have elaborate and distinctive forms, like those of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds using the long axis oriented about northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase rapidly during the morning when avoiding overheating from the midday sun.